The steering system is crucial in determining the direction of a motorcycle's movement. It comprises the front wheel and handlebar, which work in unison to steer the bike. The upper link plate holds the handlebar, and as it rotates around the steering column, the front wheel turns as well, thanks to the front shock absorber. On the right side of the handlebar are the throttle handle responsible for controlling the carburetor throttle valve, and the brake handle that activates the front wheel brake. On the left side, you have the grip and handle that operate the clutch. The handlebar ends also have rear-view mirrors and different electrical switches. Steel cables control the handle and brake, clutch, and carburetor, each requiring a different cable specification. The brake and clutch use a single-strand wire rope with an outer diameter of 2-2.5mm, while the carburetor uses a 1x7 single-strand wire rope between 1.2-1.5mm outer diameter.
Motorcycles utilize two braking methods: front wheel braking controlled by the hand-pinch brake handle and rear wheel braking achieved by stepping on the brake pedal. There are two types of braking mechanisms commonly used in motorcycles: mechanical drum brakes and hydraulic disc brakes. The design of the drum brake closely resembles that of automobiles and tractors. It consists of an aluminum alloy die-casting brake shoe with a friction brake pad attached to it. The brake cam is rotated by the brake arm, which in turn pushes the brake shoe away to apply the necessary braking force.
The brake system consists of various components including an oil tank, plunger valve oil pump, hydraulic oil pipe, brake caliper, and brake disc. The brake stagger is part of the brake device and is securely attached to the front fork guide. The brake disc is affixed to the wheel and rotates along with it. To engage the brake, you need to firmly grip the brake handle, which activates the plunger valve. The plunger valve then propels hydraulic oil through the hydraulic oil pipe into the two cylinders of the brake caliper. With the pressure from the oil, the cylinders push the friction plate to clamp the brake disc from both sides. This creates significant frictional resistance that leads to the wheel coming to a halt. When you release the brake handle, the pressure in the hydraulic oil circuit rapidly decreases, causing the cylinders to retract the friction plate back to its original position, thereby releasing the brake.
